Kelas Pseudo CSS
Apa itu Pseudo-class?
Kelas semu digunakan untuk mendefinisikan keadaan khusus suatu elemen.
Misalnya, dapat digunakan untuk:
- Gaya elemen saat pengguna mengarahkan mouse ke atasnya
- Gaya tautan yang dikunjungi dan yang belum dikunjungi secara berbeda
- Gaya elemen saat mendapat fokus
Arahkan mouse ke atas saya
Sintaksis
Sintaks pseudo-class:
selector:pseudo-class {
property: value;
}
Kelas Pseudo Jangkar
Tautan dapat ditampilkan dengan berbagai cara:
Contoh
/* unvisited link */
a:link {
color: #FF0000;
}
/* visited
link */
a:visited {
color: #00FF00;
}
/* mouse over link */
a:hover {
color: #FF00FF;
}
/* selected link */
a:active {
color: #0000FF;
}
Catatan: a:hover HARUS muncul setelah a:linkdan
a:visiteddalam definisi CSS agar efektif! a:activeHARUS muncul setelah
a:hoverdefinisi CSS agar efektif! Nama kelas pseudo tidak peka huruf besar-kecil.
Kelas semu dan Kelas HTML
Kelas semu dapat digabungkan dengan kelas HTML:
Saat Anda mengarahkan kursor ke tautan dalam contoh, itu akan berubah warna:
Contoh
a.highlight:hover {
color: #ff0000;
}
Arahkan kursor ke <div>
Contoh penggunaan :hoverpseudo-class pada elemen <div>:
Contoh
div:hover {
background-color: blue;
}
Tip Alat Sederhana Arahkan kursor
Arahkan kursor ke elemen <div> untuk menampilkan elemen <p> (seperti tooltip):
Tada! Here I am!
Contoh
p {
display: none;
background-color: yellow;
padding: 20px;
}
div:hover p {
display: block;
}
CSS - Kelas Pseudo anak pertama
Kelas :first-childsemu cocok dengan elemen tertentu yang merupakan anak pertama dari elemen lain.
Cocokkan elemen <p> pertama
Dalam contoh berikut, pemilih cocok dengan elemen <p> apa pun yang merupakan anak pertama dari elemen apa pun:
Contoh
p:first-child
{
color: blue;
}
Cocokkan elemen <i> pertama di semua elemen <p>
Dalam contoh berikut, pemilih cocok dengan elemen <i> pertama di semua elemen <p>:
Contoh
p i:first-child
{
color: blue;
}
Cocokkan semua elemen <i> di semua elemen <p> anak pertama
Dalam contoh berikut, pemilih cocok dengan semua elemen <i> di elemen <p> yang merupakan anak pertama dari elemen lain:
Contoh
p:first-child i
{
color: blue;
}
CSS - Kelas :lang Pseudo
Kelas :langsemu memungkinkan Anda untuk menentukan aturan khusus untuk bahasa yang berbeda.
Pada contoh di bawah, :langmendefinisikan tanda kutip untuk elemen <q> dengan lang="no":
Contoh
<html>
<head>
<style>
q:lang(no) {
quotes: "~" "~";
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Some text <q lang="no">A quote in a paragraph</q>
Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Lebih Banyak Contoh
Contoh ini menunjukkan cara menambahkan gaya lain ke hyperlink.
Contoh ini menunjukkan bagaimana menggunakan kelas semu :focus.
Semua Kelas Pseudo CSS
| Selector | Example | Example description |
|---|---|---|
| :active | a:active | Selects the active link |
| :checked | input:checked | Selects every checked <input> element |
| :disabled | input:disabled | Selects every disabled <input> element |
| :empty | p:empty | Selects every <p> element that has no children |
| :enabled | input:enabled | Selects every enabled <input> element |
| :first-child | p:first-child | Selects every <p> elements that is the first child of its parent |
| :first-of-type | p:first-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the first <p> element of its parent |
| :focus | input:focus | Selects the <input> element that has focus |
| :hover | a:hover | Selects links on mouse over |
| :in-range | input:in-range | Selects <input> elements with a value within a specified range |
| :invalid | input:invalid | Selects all <input> elements with an invalid value |
| :lang(language) | p:lang(it) | Selects every <p> element with a lang attribute value starting with "it" |
| :last-child | p:last-child | Selects every <p> elements that is the last child of its parent |
| :last-of-type | p:last-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the last <p> element of its parent |
| :link | a:link | Selects all unvisited links |
| :not(selector) | :not(p) | Selects every element that is not a <p> element |
| :nth-child(n) | p:nth-child(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent |
| :nth-last-child(n) | p:nth-last-child(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent, counting from the last child |
| :nth-last-of-type(n) | p:nth-last-of-type(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent, counting from the last child |
| :nth-of-type(n) | p:nth-of-type(2) | Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent |
| :only-of-type | p:only-of-type | Selects every <p> element that is the only <p> element of its parent |
| :only-child | p:only-child | Selects every <p> element that is the only child of its parent |
| :optional | input:optional | Selects <input> elements with no "required" attribute |
| :out-of-range | input:out-of-range | Selects <input> elements with a value outside a specified range |
| :read-only | input:read-only | Selects <input> elements with a "readonly" attribute specified |
| :read-write | input:read-write | Selects <input> elements with no "readonly" attribute |
| :required | input:required | Selects <input> elements with a "required" attribute specified |
| :root | root | Selects the document's root element |
| :target | #news:target | Selects the current active #news element (clicked on a URL containing that anchor name) |
| :valid | input:valid | Selects all <input> elements with a valid value |
| :visited | a:visited | Selects all visited links |
Semua Elemen Pseudo CSS
| Selector | Example | Example description |
|---|---|---|
| ::after | p::after | Insert content after every <p> element |
| ::before | p::before | Insert content before every <p> element |
| ::first-letter | p::first-letter | Selects the first letter of every <p> element |
| ::first-line | p::first-line | Selects the first line of every <p> element |
| ::selection | p::selection | Selects the portion of an element that is selected by a user |